import base64 import random import string from io import BytesIO from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont from app.config.setting import settings class CaptchaUtil: """ 验证码工具类 """ @classmethod def generate_captcha(cls) -> tuple[str, str]: """ 生成带有噪声和干扰的验证码图片(4位随机字符)。 返回: - tuple[str, str]: Base64 PNG 字符串与验证码明文。 """ # 生成4位随机验证码 chars = string.digits + string.ascii_letters captcha_value = "".join(random.sample(chars, 4)) # 创建一张随机颜色背景的图片 width, height = 160, 60 background_color = tuple(random.randint(230, 255) for _ in range(3)) image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height), color=background_color) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image) # 使用指定字体 font = ImageFont.truetype(font=settings.CAPTCHA_FONT_PATH, size=settings.CAPTCHA_FONT_SIZE) # 计算文本总宽度和高度 total_width = sum(draw.textbbox((0, 0), char, font=font)[2] for char in captcha_value) text_height = draw.textbbox((0, 0), captcha_value[0], font=font)[3] # 计算起始位置,使文字居中 x_start = (width - total_width) / 2 y_start = (height - text_height) / 2 - draw.textbbox((0, 0), captcha_value[0], font=font)[1] # 绘制字符 x = x_start for char in captcha_value: # 使用深色文字,增加对比度 text_color = tuple(random.randint(0, 80) for _ in range(3)) # 随机偏移,增加干扰 x_offset = x + random.uniform(-2, 2) y_offset = y_start + random.uniform(-2, 2) # 绘制字符 draw.text((x_offset, y_offset), char, font=font, fill=text_color) # 更新x坐标,增加字符间距的随机性 x += draw.textbbox((0, 0), char, font=font)[2] + random.uniform(1, 5) # 添加干扰线 for _ in range(4): line_color = tuple(random.randint(150, 200) for _ in range(3)) points = [(i, int(random.uniform(0, height))) for i in range(0, width, 20)] draw.line(points, fill=line_color, width=1) # 添加随机噪点 for _ in range(width * height // 60): point_color = tuple(random.randint(0, 255) for _ in range(3)) draw.point( (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)), fill=point_color, ) # 将图像数据保存到内存中并转换为base64 buffer = BytesIO() image.save(buffer, format="PNG", optimize=True) base64_string = base64.b64encode(buffer.getvalue()).decode() return base64_string, captcha_value @classmethod def captcha_arithmetic(cls, difficulty: str = "medium") -> tuple[str, int]: """ 创建算术验证码图片(加减乘运算);浅色底、居中算式,无旋转与干扰线/噪点。 参数: - difficulty (str): 难度级别(easy / medium / hard),控制数字范围与可用运算符。 返回: - tuple[str, int]: base64 编码的 PNG 图片字符串与正确答案(整数)。 """ difficulty_config = { "easy": {"num_range": (1, 9), "operators": ["+", "-"]}, "medium": {"num_range": (1, 15), "operators": ["+", "-", "*"]}, "hard": {"num_range": (1, 20), "operators": ["+", "-", "*"]}, } config = difficulty_config.get(difficulty, difficulty_config["medium"]) operators = config["operators"] operator = random.choice(operators) num_range = config["num_range"] if operator == "-": num1 = random.randint(num_range[0] + 5, num_range[1]) num2 = random.randint(num_range[0], num1 - 1) elif operator == "*": num1 = random.randint(num_range[0], min(10, num_range[1])) num2 = random.randint(num_range[0], min(10, num_range[1])) else: num1 = random.randint(num_range[0], num_range[1]) num2 = random.randint(num_range[0], num_range[1]) result_map = { "+": lambda x, y: x + y, "-": lambda x, y: x - y, "*": lambda x, y: x * y, } captcha_value = result_map[operator](num1, num2) width, height = 160, 60 image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height), color=(248, 249, 250)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image) font = ImageFont.truetype(font=settings.CAPTCHA_FONT_PATH, size=settings.CAPTCHA_FONT_SIZE) text = f"{num1} {operator} {num2} = ?" tb = draw.textbbox((0, 0), text, font=font) tw, th = tb[2] - tb[0], tb[3] - tb[1] x = (width - tw) // 2 y = (height - th) // 2 - tb[1] draw.text((x, y), text, fill=(55, 65, 81), font=font) buffer = BytesIO() image.save(buffer, format="PNG", optimize=True) base64_string = base64.b64encode(buffer.getvalue()).decode() return base64_string, captcha_value